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1.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 36(1): 55-61, Jan. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-777383

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se parâmetros reprodutivos e produtivos em vacas da raça Holandês-PB no pós-parto imediato, manejadas em free stall . Utilizou-se 51 vacas entre primíparas e pluríparas. Os valores obtidos foram: escore de condição corporal ao parto 3,47±0,4; intervalos do parto à primeira ovulação 5,89±3,4 semanas; ao primeiro serviço 112,5±57,0 dias; a taxa de gestação ao primeiro serviço foi 43,6% e no período experimental 76,4%, não sendo observada diferença para ordens de parto (P>0,05). A produção de leite acumulada à concepção, produção diária leite até a concepção e produção de leite ajustado para 305 foi respectivamente, 3.335,6±1.488,4; 25,8±5,4 e 7.424,0±1.877,8 litros. Conclui-se que no manejo de Free stall , a detecção de estro, foi o principal fator limitante para alcançar melhor eficiência reprodutiva.


The reproductive and productive parameters in postpartum of 51 primiparous and pluriparous Holstein cows housed in free stall were obtained. The values measured were: body condition score at parturition (3.47±0.4), interval from parturition to first ovulation (5.89±3.4 weeks), interval parturition at first service (112.5±57.0 days), first-service pregnancy rate (43.6%) and during the experimental period (76.4%). No difference was found between parturition order (P>0.05). The accumulated milk production until conception time, daily production until conception time, and adjusted 305-day milk production was respectively 3,335.6±1,488.4; 25.8±5.4 and 7,424.0±1,877.8 liters. In free stall of this study the estrus detection was the most limiting factor to improve the reproductive efficiency.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Estrus , Estradiol , Ovarian Follicle/growth & development , Luteinizing Hormone/analysis , Postpartum Period/physiology , Diet/veterinary , Fertility
2.
Rev. med. vet. (Bogota) ; (28): 13-21, dic. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-730988

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la frecuencia de presentación de la gestación en los cuernos uterinos derecho e izquierdo en vacas del trópico colombiano. Se diagnosticaron 1534 vacas gestantes por palpación rectal y se indicó el cuerno gestante (izquierdo o derecho). Adicionalmente, se palparon 618 vacas no gestantes cíclicas y se determinó la presencia de cuerpo lúteo (CL) o folículo (F), y se identificó el ovario (derecho o izquierdo) que contenía la estructura. En las vacas gestantes, los porcentajes de gestación derecha e izquierda fueron de 63,1% (968/1534) y 36,9% (566/1534) (p ≤ 0,01), y en las vacas no gestantes, el 69% de los CL y el 68% de los F se encontraron en el ovario derecho (p ≤ 0,01). También se inspeccionaron 300 tractos reproductivos de vacas gestantes y 300 de vacas no gestantes, pero con presencia de CL y F. En los tractos gestantes, los porcentajes de gestación derecha e izquierda fueron de 67,3% y 32,7% (p ≤ 0,01), y en los no gestantes, el 68% de los CL y el 65% de los F se encontraron en el ovario derecho (p ≤ 0,01). Se concluye que el mayor porcentaje de gestaciones en el ganado bovino del trópico colombiano se presenta en el cuerno derecho, y que la mayor presencia de CL y F se encuentra también en el ovario derecho.


This paper aims to determine the frequency of occurrence of pregnancy in the right and left uterine horns of cattle in the Colombian tropics. Rectal palpation was performed in 1,534 cows to diagnose pregnancy and to indicate the pregnant horn (left or right). Additionally, 618 non-pregnant cows were examined to determine the presence of corpora lutea (CL) or follicle (F), and to identify the ovary (right or left) containing them. In pregnant cows, the percentages of right and left gestation were 63.1% (968/1534) and 36.9% (566/1534) (p ≤ 0.01), respectively, and in non-pregnant cows, 69% of CL and 68% of F were found in the right ovary (p ≤ 0.01). Similarly, reproductive tracts of 300 pregnant cows were inspected, as well as those of 300 non-pregnant cows but with CL and F present. In pregnant tracts, the percentages of right and left gestation were 67.3% and 32.7% (p ≤ 0.01), respectively, and in non-pregnant cattle, 68% of CL and 65% of F were found in the right ovary (p ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, the highest percentage of pregnancies in cattle in the Colombian tropics is presented in the right horn; an increased presence of CL and F was also found in the right ovary.


O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a frequência de apresentação da gestação nos cornos uterinos direito e esquerdo em vacas do trópico colombiano. Diagnosticaram-se 1534 vacas gestantes por palpação retal e se indicou o corno gestante (esquerdo ou direito). Adicionalmente, se palparam 618 vacas não gestantes cíclicas e se determinou a presença de corpo lúteo (CL) ou folículo (F), e se identificou o ovário (direito ou esquerdo) que continha a estrutura. Nas vacas gestantes, as porcentagens de gestação direita e esquerda foram de 63,1% (968/1534) e 36,9% (566/1534) (p ≤ 0,01), e nas vacas não gestantes, o 69% dos CL e o 68% dos F se encontraram no ovário direito (p ≤ 0,01). Também se inspecionaram 300 tratos reprodutivos de vacas gestantes e 300 de vacas não gestantes, mas com presença de CL e F. nos tratos gestantes, as porcentagens de gestação direita e esquerda foram de 67,3% e 32,7% (p ≤ 0,01), e nos não gestantes, o 68% dos CL e o 65% dos F se encontraram no ovário direito (p ≤ 0,01). Conclui-se que a maior porcentagem de gestações no gado bovino do trópico colombiano se apresenta no corno direito, e que no ovário direito é onde se encontra a maior presença de CL e F.

3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 65(5): 1348-1356, out. 2013. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-689751

ABSTRACT

Foram avaliadas 103 vacas da raça Holandesa de primeira, segunda ou terceira ordens de lactação, com o objetivo de comparar aspectos reprodutivos e produtivos dos animais com puerpério normal ou patológico. Exames ginecológicos foram realizados semanalmente, do parto ao final do puerpério, por meio de palpação transretal, ultrassonografia e vaginoscopia. As incidências de partos gemelares, partos auxiliados, retenção de placenta e infecções uterinas até o primeiro serviço foram de 11,7%, 20,4%, 38,8% e 75%, respectivamente. A involução uterina e a primeira ovulação ocorreram aos 33,5±11,1 e 43,6±21,5 dias após o parto, respectivamente, com diferenças (P<0,001) entre vacas com ou sem infecção uterina. O primeiro serviço ocorreu aos 75,9±31,0 dias após o parto e a taxa de gestação foi de 20,7%. A produção de leite diária foi de 27,9±7,3 litros por vaca até 42 dias após o parto. O prejuízo com a redução na produtividade e o descarte do leite contaminado com resíduos de antibiótico foi equivalente a 598 litros de leite por vaca com retenção de placenta e infecção uterina. A alta incidência de transtornos puerperais interferiu na fertilidade e na produção de leite, causando elevado impacto econômico para a propriedade.


The study was performed with 103 Holstein cows of first, second or third orders of lactation, and aimed to compare reproductive and productive parameters of animals with normal or pathological puerperium. Uterine and ovarian examinations were performed weekly until 42 days after parturition, by rectal palpation, vaginoscopy and ultrasonography. The incidence of twin pregnancies, assisted births, retained placenta, and uterine infection until the first service, were 11.7%, 20.4%, 38.8% and 75%, respectively. Uterine involution and detection of the first corpus luteum occurred at 33.5±11.1 and 43.6±21.5 days after parturition, respectively, and differed (P<0.01) between cows with or without uterine infection. The first artificial insemination occurred in average at 75.9±31.0 days after parturition, and the pregnancy rate was 20.7%. Average daily milk yield was 27.9±7.3 liters/cow until 42 days after parturition. Financial losses related to decreased milk production and discarding of milk contaminated with antibiotic residues corresponded to 598 liters of milk/cow presenting retained placenta and uterine infection. The high incidence of puerperal diseases negatively affected the fertility and milk production, causing large economic impact to the milk production system.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Cattle/growth & development , Infections/pathology , Infections/veterinary , Ovarian Diseases/veterinary
4.
Vet. Méx ; 41(2): 89-100, abr.-jun. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-632936

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an artificially long photoperiod of 16 h of light and eight h of darkness on the length of the seasonally anovulatory period and the duration of the transitional period to ovarian activity in Criollo mares, located at 19° 9'N latitude. Twenty two adult Criollo mares, from three to 17 years old, were randomly divided in two groups. The animals on the experimental group (n = 14) were exposed to 16 h of light per day during four months from December to March. The control mares (n = 8) were exposed only to the natural photoperiod in open pens. The interval from the beginning of the artificial light treatment (December 1) to the first ovulation of the year in the experimental group was 88.4 ± 3.6 days and for the control group, 137.2 ± 15.0 days (P < 0.01); the interval between the development of the first follicle larger than 30 mm and the first ovulation (vernal transition) was 30.9 ± 2.2 days for the experimental group and 37.6 ± 6.6 days for the control group, this difference was not significant (P > 0.05). The mean diameter of the largest follicle increased gradually from week seven in the experimental group and from week 13, in the control group. Mares from both groups showed anovulatory estrus during the anovulatory season as well as during the transitional period. In the majority of the cases, estrous periods were irregular. The results indicate that exposure to an artificially photoperiod of 16 h of light and eight h of darkness, advances the onset of the vernal transition and the first ovulation in Criollo mares located at latitudes that are relatively close to the equator (19° 9'N); therefore, it can be used to anticipate the beginning of a reproductive program.


En el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto de un fotoperiodo artificial de 16 horas de luz y ocho de oscuridad sobre la longitud del periodo anovulatorio y la duración del periodo de transición hacia la época ovulatoria en yeguas criollas, localizadas en la latitud 19° 9'N. Se utilizaron 22 yeguas criollas de tres a 17 años de edad, que fueron divididas al azar en dos grupos. Las yeguas del grupo experimental (n = 14) se mantuvieron bajo un programa de fotoperiodo artificial de 16 horas de luz por día durante cuatro meses, de diciembre a marzo. Las yeguas del grupo testigo (n = 8) se mantuvieron en condiciones de luz natural. El intervalo desde el inicio del tratamiento luminoso (1 de diciembre) a la primera ovulación del año en el grupo experimental fue de 88.4 ± 3.6 días, y para el grupo testigo fue de 137.2 ± 15.0 días (P < 0.01); la duración del periodo de transición invernal (intervalo entre el desarrollo del primer folículo mayor a 30 mm y la primera ovulación) fue de 30.9 ± 2.2 días para el grupo experimental y 37.6 ± 6.6 para el grupo testigo, esta diferencia no fue significativa (P > 0.05). El diámetro folicular promedio aumentó paulatinamente a partir de la semana siete en el grupo experimental y de la semana 13 en el grupo testigo. En ambos grupos se presentaron estros anovulatorios durante la época de anestro y durante la época de transición. Los intervalos entre estros fueron irregulares en su mayoría. Los resultados indicaron que en latitudes relativamente cercanas al ecuador (19° 9'N) la exposición de yeguas criollas a un fotoperiodo artificial de 16 horas de luz y ocho horas de oscuridad adelanta el inicio de la etapa de transición y de la etapa ovulatoria, por lo que puede ser utilizado para anticipar el inicio del programa reproductivo.

5.
Rev. biol. trop ; 54(3): 903-912, sept. 2006. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-492301

ABSTRACT

The ovarian activity of Agouti paca was characterized by hormonal profiles and ovarian structures. Samples of blood were taken from eight females (seven adults and one juvenile) at the breeding grounds of the Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia in Yucatsn, Mexico. Sampling lasted approximately two months and was done every three and six days. Blood was collected from anesthetized animals, and the levels of progesterone (P4) and 17 beta estradiol (E2) were analized by radioimmunoassay technique. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses were carried out in ovaries of dead animals. The estrous cycle lasted 29+/-8.4 days, levels of 1.61+/-0.65 ng/ml for P4 and 39+/-24 pg/ml for E2 were observed for a follicular phase, 6.18+/-3.70 ng/ml and 29+/-16 pg/ml for P4 and E2 respectively in the luteal phase. Statistically significant differences were found between phases for P4 but not for E2. The presence of extragonadal steroids with levels of P4 of 1.9+/-0.77 ng/ml and E2 of 22+/-17 pg/ml were observed, which are not produced by the effects of managing stress. The changes in the levels of P4 during the cycle are indicators of luteal activity, with the intersticial tissue acting probably as active steroids-producing gland. Follicular growth was observed during the entire cycle.


Se caracterizó la actividad ovárica de A. paca por medio de perfiles hormonales y estructuras ováricas. Se muestrearon ocho hembras (siete adultas y una juvenil) en el criadero de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia en el estado de Yucatán, México, durante aproximadamente dos meses. Se recolectaron muestras sanguíneas cada 3 y 6 días en animales anestesiados. Se estimaron los niveles de progesterona (P4) y 17 beta estradiol (E2) sanguíneos por radioinmunoanálisis. Las estructuras ováricas de animales muertos durante el periodo de muestreo fueron analizadas macro y microscópicamente. El ciclo ovárico duró 29±8.4 días, con niveles de 1.61±0.65 ng/ml para P4 y de 39±24 pg/ml para E2 durante la fase folicular, y de 6.18±3.70 ng/ml y 29±16 pg/ml para P4 y E2 respectivamente, en la fase luteal. Hubo diferencias (p<0.05) en los niveles de P4 entre las fases folicular y luteal, no así para E2. Se detectó la presencia de esteroides extragonadales, con niveles de 1.9±0.77 ng/ ml para P4 y de 22±17 pg/ml para E2, los cuales no son secretados por efecto del estrés por manejo. Los cambios en los niveles de P4 durante el ciclo son indicadores de actividad luteal, funcionando el tejido intersticial probablemente como una glándula productora de esteroides. De igual forma se observó que el crecimiento folicular ocurre durante todo el ciclo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Estradiol/blood , Ovary/physiology , Progesterone/blood , Rodentia/physiology , Estrous Cycle/blood , Estrous Cycle/physiology , Follicular Phase/blood , Follicular Phase/physiology , Luteal Phase/blood , Luteal Phase/physiology , Ovary/anatomy & histology , Radioimmunoassay , Rodentia/anatomy & histology
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